1. High-intensity interval training (HIIT): This has been shown to improve cardiovascular fitness, metabolic health, and overall performance.

2. Nutrition optimization: Advances in sports nutrition have led to a better understanding of how to fuel the body for optimal performance.

3. Wearable technology: Devices such as activity trackers and heart rate monitors can provide valuable feedback on exercise intensity, recovery, and overall health.

4. Resistance training: Advances in strength training techniques and equipment have led to improved muscle development, injury prevention, and performance enhancement.

5. Recovery strategies: Better understanding of the science of recovery has led to the development of various interventions that promote muscle repair and regeneration, reduce inflammation, and improve overall recovery.

6. Genetics-based training: Advances in genetic testing have allowed for customized training programs based on an athlete’s individual genetic profile.

7. Mental training: Sport psychology has played an increasingly important role in the development of mental toughness, focus, and performance under pressure.

8. Altitude training: Exposure to high altitudes has been shown to enhance endurance performance by increasing red blood cell count, which improves oxygen delivery to the muscles.

9. Biomechanics: Advances in biomechanics have led to a better understanding of how to maximize efficiency and reduce the risk of injury during exercise.

10. Non-invasive neurostimulation: Techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation have shown promise for improving cognitive function, motor control, and endurance performance.